Marine Biology Glossary
Science / Marine Biology Glossary
Seasonal Estuary: An estuary in which salinity at any one geographic point changes seasonally (e.g., decreases during the spring melt)
Seaward: Side of an island that faces the direction of wave action generated either by winds or by currents generated by more indirect forces
Secondary Consumer: A heterotrophic, carnivorous organism that feeds on a primary consumer. Herring feeding on zooplankton are an example of a secondary consumer. See also food chain, heterotroph, primary consumer.
Secondary Production: The production of living material per unit area (or volume) per unit time by herbivores. Usually expressed as grams carbon per meter square per year
Selection: A change in allele frequency over time in a population
Selection Pressure: A measure of the effectiveness of natural selection in altering the genetic composition of a population. See also natural selection.
Sequential Hermaphrodite: An individual that sequentially produces male and then female gametes or vice versa
Sessile: Immobile because of an attachment to a substratum
Seston: Particulate matter suspended in seawater
Setules: Chitinous projections from copepod maxillipeds that trap food particles
Shelf-Slope Break: Line marking a change from the gently inclined continental shelf to the much steeper depth gradient of the continental slope
Sibling Species: Closely related species that are so similar that they are nearly indistinguishable morphologically
Sigma: Parameter expressing the seawater density: and equal to 1 minus the density of seawater, measured at a given temperature and at a pressure of l atmosphere
Siphonophores: A group of specialized hydrozoan cnidarians, consisting of large planktonic polymorphic colonies
Sled: A benthic sampling device designed to slide along the sediment surface, digging into the bottom to a depth of at most a few centimeters
Slope: A steep-sloping bottom extending seaward from the edge of the continental shelf and downward toward the rise
Snow: See marine snow
Somatic Growth: Growth of the body, exclusive of gametes
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