Science / Chemistry Glossary

Amine: An amine is an organic compound that contains a nitrogen atom bound only to carbon and possibly hydrogen atoms. Examples are methylamine, CH3NH2; dimethylamine, CH3NHCH3; and trimethylamine, . . . View Full Definition

Amino Acid: Amino acids are molecules that contain at least one amine group (-NH2) and at least one carboxylic acid group (-COOH). When these groups are both attached to the same carbon, the acid is an . . . View Full Definition

Ammine: `A metal ion complex containing ammonia as a ligand. The ammonia nitrogen is bound directly to a metal ion in ammines; amines differ in that the ammonia nitrogen is directly bound to a carbon atom.

Ammonia: Pure NH3 is a colorless gas with a sharp, characteristic odor. It is easily liquified by pressure, and is very soluble in water. Ammonia acts as a weak base. Aqueous solutions of ammonia are . . . View Full Definition

Ammonium Ion: (NH4+) ammonium NH4+ is a cation formed by neutralization of ammonia, which acts as a weak base.

Amorphous: A solid that does not have a repeating, regular three-dimensional arrangement of atoms, molecules, or ions.

Amperage: The amount of charge moved per second by an electric current, measured in amperes.

Ampere: (A) amp. The SI unit of electric current, equal to flow of 1 coulomb of charge per second. An ampere is the amount of current necessary to produce a force of 0.2 micronewtons per meter betwe . . . View Full Definition

Amperometry: Determining the concentration of a material in a sample by measuring electric current.

Amphi: A prefix used to name certain members of a series of geometric isomers or stereoisomers.

Amphiprotic Solvent: Solvents that exhibit both acidic and basic properties; amphiprotic solvents undergo autoprotolysis. Examples are water, ammonia, and ethanol.

Amphoteric: A substance that can act as either an acid or a base in a reaction. For example, aluminum hydroxide can neutralize mineral acids ( Al(OH)3 + 3 HCl = AlCl3 + 3 H2O ) or strong bases ( Al(OH)3 . . . View Full Definition

Amplitude: The displacement of a wave from zero. The maximum amplitude for a wave is the height of a peak or the depth of a trough, relative to the zero displacement line.

Amylopectin: A form of starch made of glucose molecules linked in a branching pattern.

Amylose: A form of starch made of long, unbranched chains of alpha-D-glucose molecules.

Analysis: Chemical analysis. Determination of the composition of a sample.

Analyte: An analyte is the sample constituent whose concentration is sought in a chemical analysis.

Angstrom: A non-SI unit of length used to express wavelengths of light, bond lengths, and molecular sizes. 1 Å = 10-10 m = 10-8 cm.

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