Business / Machine Shop Glossary

Telescoping Gage: A T-shaped gage used to measure the diameter or width of holes.

Tempering: A heat-treating process to relieve the stresses produced when hardening and to impart certain qualities, such as toughness: sometimes called “drawing.”

Template: A pattern or guide for laying out or machining to a specific shape or form.

Tensile Strength: The resistance to breaking exhibited by a material when subjected to a pulling stress. Measured in lb/in² or kPa.

Thermal Expansion: The expansion of materials caused by heat input.

Thermal Stress Relieving: A process of relieving stresses by uniform heating of a structure or a portion of a structure, followed by uniform cooling.

Thread: A helical projection of uniform section on the internal or external surface of cylinder or cone. Also, the operation of cutting a screw thread.

Thread Axis: A line running lengthwise through the center of the screw.

Thread Crest: The top surface joining the two sides of a thread.

Thread Depth: The distance between the crest and the root of a thread.

Thread Micrometer: A micrometer in which the spindle is ground to a point having a conical angle of 60 degrees. The anvil, instead of being flat has a 60-degree V-Shaped groove, which fits the thread.

Thread Pitch: The distance from a point on one screw thread to a corresponding point on the next thread.

Thread Pitch Diameter: The diameter of a screw thread measured from the thread pitch line on one side to the thread pitch line on the opposite side.

Thread Root: The bottom surface joining the sides of two adjacent threads.

Tool Steel: A general classification for high-carbon steel that can be heat treated to a hardness required for metal cutting tools such as punches, dies, drills, taps, reamers and so forth.

Torsion: The stress produced in a body, such as a rod or wire, by turning or twisting one end while the other is held firm or twisting in the opposite direction.

Traverse: One movement across the surface of the work being machined.

Truing: The act of centering or aligning a workpiece or cutting tool so that an operation may be performed accurately. Also, correcting the eccentricity or out of round condition when dressing a gri . . . View Full Definition

Tumbler Gears: A pair of small lever-mounted gears on a lathe used to engage or to change the direction of the leadscrew.

Twist Drill: A commonly used metal-cutting drill, usually made with two flutes running around the body.

Two-Lip End Mill: An end-milling cutter designed with teeth that cut to the center so that it may be used to feed into the work like a drill.

Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS): The maximum tensile stress a material placed in tension can bear without breaking.

Universal Milling Machine: A milling machine with a worktable that can be swiveled for milling helical work. It is always supplied with attachments, including an indexing fixture.

Universal Vise: A vise designed for holding work at a double or compound angle. Also called a toolmakers’ vise.

Volt: A unit of electrical force or potential.

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