Business / Finance Glossary

Stakeholders: A period of slow economic growth, or, in securities trading, a period of inactive trading.

Stamp Duty: All parties that have an interest, financial or otherwise, in a firm-stockholders, creditors, bondholders, employees, customers, management, the community, and the government.

Stand Up To: Applies mainly to international equities. Taxes on foreign transactions, usually a percentage of total transaction amount, that can be unilateral or bilateral in nature.

Stand-Alone Principle: Make a good-sized market in the trader's own bid and offering prices. Hence, 'standing up' to the bid signifies the trader's willingness to buy size (i.e., 50m) volume at the advertised bid, . . . View Full Definition

Standard Costs: Investment approach that advocates a firm should accept or reject a project by comparing it with securities in the same risk class.

Standard Costs Plus Variances: A target or average cost that can be used either to value inventory or as a basis of comparison with actual costs. Standard costs can often be used to calculate cost of sales, in which case . . . View Full Definition

Standard Deduction: The method of calculating cost of sales that compares the amounts of materials, direct labor and overhead projected in the Cost of Sales assumption (the standard costs) to expenses allocated . . . View Full Definition

Standard Deviation: The IRS-specified amount by which a taxpayer is entitled to reduce income an alternative to itemizing deductions.

Standard Error: The square root of the variance. A measure of dispersion of a set of data from its mean.

Standard Industrial Classification (SIC): In statistics, a measure of the possible error in an estimate. Plus or minus 2 standard errors usually provides a 95% confidence interval.

Standardized Normal Distribution: A code system that designates a unique business activity classified by industry.

Standardized Value: A normal distribution with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.

Standby Agreement: Also called the normal deviate, the distance of one data point from the mean, divided by the standard deviation of the distribution.

Standby Commitment: In a rights issue, agreement that the underwriter will purchase any stock not purchased by investors.

Standby Fee: An agreement between a corporation and investment firm that the firm will purchase whatever part of a stock issue that is offered in a rights offering that is not subscribed to in the two- t . . . View Full Definition

Standing: Amount paid to an underwriter who agrees to purchase any stock that is not purchased by public investors in a rights offering.

Standstill Agreement: Level of priority in the trading crowd.

Start-Up: Contract by which the bidding firm in a takeover attempt agrees to limit its holdings of another firm.

State Bank: The earliest stage of a new business venture.

Stated Annual Interest Rate: A bank authorized in a specific state by a state-based charter, with generally the same functions as a national bank.

Stated Conversion Price: The interest rate expressed as a per year percentage, by which interest payments are determined. See: Annual percentage rate.

Stated Maturity: At the time of issuance of a convertible security, the price the issuer effectively grants the securityholder to purchase the common stock, equal to the par value of the convertible security . . . View Full Definition

Stated Value: For the CMO tranche, the date the last payment would occur at zero CPR.

Statement Billing: A monetary worth figure that bears no relation to market value that is assigned, for accounting purposes, to stock for use instead of par value.

Statement Of Cash Flows: Billing method in which the sales for a period such as a month (for which a customer also receives invoices) are collected into a single statement, and the customer must pay all the invoices . . . View Full Definition

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