Business / Agriculture Glossary

Environmental Impact Statement (EIS): A document required of federal agencies by the National Environmental Policy Act for major projects or administration-initiated legislative proposals significantly affecting the environment. . . . View Full Definition

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): An independent federal government agency established in 1970 and charged with coordinating effective governmental action concerning the environment, including setting standards, promulgating . . . View Full Definition

Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP): A program created by the FAIR Act of 1996 to provide primarily cost-sharing assistance, but also technical and educational assistance, aimed at reducing soil, water, and related natural reso . . . View Full Definition

Epidemiology: Study of the distribution of disease, or other health-related conditions and events in human or animal populations, in order to identify health problems and possible causes.

Equivalence: A term applied by the Uruguay Round Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Measures. WTO Member countries shall accord acceptance to the SPS measures of other count . . . View Full Definition

Erosion: The wearing away of the land surface. Unconsolidated materials, such as soil, erode more rapidly than consolidated materials, such as rock. The most common causes of erosion are wind and mov . . . View Full Definition

Erosion (Erodibility) Index (EI): The erosion (sometimes called erodibility) index is created by dividing potential erosion (from all sources except gully erosion) by the T value, which is the rate of soil erosion above whic . . . View Full Definition

Estuary: Regions of interaction between rivers and near-shore ocean waters, where tidal action and river flow mix fresh and salt water. Such areas include bays, mouths of rivers, salt marshes, and la . . . View Full Definition

Ethanol: C2H5OH: the alcohol product of carbohydrate fermentation used in alcoholic beverages and for industrial purposes (also known as ethyl alcohol or grain alcohol). It is blended with gasoline t . . . View Full Definition

Euro: The single currency of the 11 countries that are members of the European Monetary Union, one of the institutions of the European Union. This new currency went into effect on January 1, 1999. . . . View Full Definition

European Community (EC): A regional organization created by the Treaty of Rome (1957), which provided for the gradual elimination of customs duties and other interregional trade barriers, a common external tariff, a . . . View Full Definition

European Monetary Union (EMU): As agreed in the Maastricht Treaty, 11 European Union members began participating in the EMU on January 1, 1999. The 11 countries are Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Ita . . . View Full Definition

European Union (EU): Since 1993, the term used to describe the European Community and related institutions. The entry into force of the Maastricht Treaty of European Union on November 1, 1993, introduced this ch . . . View Full Definition

Eutrophication: The process by which a body of water acquires a high concentration of plant nutrients, especially nitrates or phosphates. This nutrification promotes algae growth that, when it dies, can lea . . . View Full Definition

Evans-Allen Funds: Federal funds distributed to the 1890 land grant colleges of agriculture under a provision in the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977, to support resea . . . View Full Definition

Evapotranspiration: The loss of water from the soil both by evaporation and by transpiration from the plants growing in the soil.

Excess Land: Irrigable land, other than exempt land, owned by any landowner in excess of the maximum acreage limitation (ownership entitlement) under the applicable provision of reclamation law.

Exotic Species: A species that is not native to a region.

Expanded Food And Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP): EFNEP is a program of the Cooperative Extension System that operates in all 50 states and U.S. territories. Started in 1965, its purpose is to provide low-income individuals, particularly yo . . . View Full Definition

Experimental Use Permit: A permit under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act that authorizes the testing of new pesticides or uses thereof in experimental field studies on 10 acres or more of land . . . View Full Definition

Export Administration Act (EAA) Of 1979: P.L. 96-72 (September 29, 1979) provides legal authority to the President to control U.S. exports for reasons of national security, foreign policy, and/or short supply. However, the FACT Act . . . View Full Definition

Export Allocations Or Quotas: Controls applied to exports by an exporting country to limit the amount of goods leaving that country. Such controls usually are applied in time of war or during some other emergency requiri . . . View Full Definition

Export Credit Guarantee Programs (GSM-102-103): The Commodity Credit Corporation finances export credit guarantee programs for commercial financing of U.S. agricultural exports. The programs finance the sale of exports to buyers in countr . . . View Full Definition

Export Credit Revolving Fund: The Agriculture and Food Act of 1981 authorized a revolving loan fund that would provide short-term and intermediate-term direct credit for export sales of agricultural commodities, breeding . . . View Full Definition

Export Enhancement Program (EEP): A program that USDA initiated in May 1985 under the CCC Charter Act to help U.S. exporters meet competitors’ subsidized prices in targeted markets. The program was later authorized by the Fo . . . View Full Definition

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