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Ad Valorem Duty: A tariff expressed as a fixed percentage of the value of the imported commodity or product. Generally, by contrast, a specific duty is applied as a charge on each unit or specified quantity . . . View Full Definition

Import Duty: A customs duty is a charge assessed by a government on an imported item at its point of customs entry into the country, and paid for by the importer: the term is now used interchangeably wit . . . View Full Definition

Paradigmatic Change: In linguistics, these are language changes brought about because a sound or a word was associated with a different sound or word. Algeo provides the following example: . . . The side of a sh . . . View Full Definition

Paper Grade: Numerical and terminological description of paper contrast: numbers 0 - 1 soft: number 2 normal: number 3 hard: number 4 - 5 very hard: number 6 ultra hard. Similar grade number from differe . . . View Full Definition

Panhead: Panhead is the name of the Harley-Davidson engine used from 1948-1965. The chromed rocker covers resemble a baking or frying pan.

Pan And Tilt Head: Tripod head allowing the camera to be tilted up and down or turned through a 360° arc.

Paradigmatic Structure: In semiotics, a manner in which signs are organized and meaning created. Paradigmatic structures create meaning through association, in contrast to syntagmatic structures which create meanin . . . View Full Definition

Pay Adjustment: Any change made to the pay rate of an employee, such as an increase or decrease to the rate of pay.

Pay Grades: A method used to group jobs together that have approximately the same relative internal worth and are paid at the same rate.

Passive Radiator: A type of bass reflex speaker enclosure that includes a 'passive' woofer in addition to the main woofer. The passive woofer isn't powered, but moves in response to changes in air pressure in . . . View Full Definition